Understanding the Usage of ‘Which’ and ‘That’
When diving into the English language, the choice between ‘which’ and ‘that’ can often cause confusion among language learners. These two words have similar uses but are not interchangeable. Understanding the nuances between them is crucial for anyone looking to perfect their English skills. So, let’s unravel this linguistic knot together!
What is ‘That’?
‘That’ is a relative pronoun often used to introduce restrictive clauses. A restrictive clause is essential to the meaning of a sentence because it restricts or specifies the noun it refers to. It cannot be removed without changing the sentence’s meaning. Therefore, ‘that’ plays a critical role in providing necessary information.
Examples of ‘That’ in Sentences
- The book that you lent me was fascinating.
- I only trust tools that are made by reputable companies.
- The restaurant that serves the best ramen is just around the corner.
What is ‘Which’?
‘Which’ is also a relative pronoun, but unlike ‘that’, it introduces non-restrictive clauses. Non-restrictive clauses, sometimes called descriptive clauses, add extra information about a noun that is already defined. Such clauses could be omitted without altering the fundamental meaning of the sentence. Commas typically set non-restrictive clauses apart in writing.
Examples of ‘Which’ in Sentences
- The painting, which was completed in the 18th century, is now worth millions.
- His new car, which he bought last week, is already in the shop.
- My laptop, which has a broken screen, still works fine otherwise.
Deciding Between ‘That’ and ‘Which’
To decide whether to use ‘that’ or ‘which’, ask yourself if the clause you’re writing is essential to the noun you’re describing. If it is, use ‘that’. If the clause merely adds extra information and can be left out, use ‘which’and remember to include the commas!
Which vs That: Additional Points to Ponder
While the rules above apply to formal written English, it’s worth noting that in informal speech or writing, many native speakers use ‘that’ and ‘which’ interchangeably, particularly with restrictive clauses. However, adhering to the formal rules as a language learner will ensure your English is precise and polished, helping you to impress in both academic and professional settings.
Tackling Common Queries about ‘That’ and ‘Which’
Can ‘Which’ Ever Be Used in a Restrictive Clause?
Although not as common as ‘that’, ‘which’ can be used in restrictive clauses, particularly in British English. When used in this way, it does not have commas around the clause.
Examples:
- The smartphone which has the longest battery life will be my choice.
- Choose the path which looks safest for the hike.
What About ‘What is That’?
The phrase ‘what is that’ functions differently. It is not used to introduce a clause but is instead a question seeking information about something unknown or not understood.
Examples:
- What is that strange noise coming from the attic?
- What is that delightful smell wafting from the kitchen?
Retain the Difference: A Quick Recap
Here’s a brief roundup to cement your understanding of ‘which’ vs ‘that’:
- Use ‘that’ for clauses that are essential to the sentence’s meaning (restrictive clauses).
- Use ‘which’ for clauses that can be omitted without changing the overall sense of the sentence (non-restrictive clauses).
- Non-restrictive clauses introduced by ‘which’ should always be enclosed in commas.
Final Thoughts
Mastering the differences between ‘which’ and ‘that’ is a subtle yet powerful way to enhance your English language skills. Paying attention to these details will not only make your writing clearer but also demonstrate your proficiency with the nuances of English grammar. Keep practicing with these examples and soon, selecting ‘which’ or ‘that’ will become second nature!
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